Patient Vulnerability, Marginalization, and Accessibility to Dental Care and Unmet dental needs among Urban slum residents in Chennai, India

Abstract

Background: Oral health is essential yet sometimes ignored, particularly in underserved groups where poverty, illiteracy, and restricted access to healthcare make people more susceptible to oral health issues. This study investigates the association between patient vulnerability, marginalization, and dental care accessibility in Chennai slums. To meet the dental needs of the vulnerable and marginalized population, it is essential to reduce health inequalities and provide universal access to healthcare. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ramapuram, Chennai, from April to October 2024. 221 participants aged 18 and above were included in the study. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, socioeconomic status, and barriers to accessing dental care. A thorough type III WHO oral examination was carried out to find the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and edentulism. The association between oral health disease and dental care utilization was determined using a Chi-square test using SPSS 27.0 software. Results:  Of the 217 total participants, the maximum number of people attending PHCs was of the age group 40-59 years (36.4%). Around 79.5% of the participants stated that the distance to travel to the dental clinic was a reason that refrains them from attending dental needs. 28.2% of the participants stated that the cost of private dental care is very high. Conclusion: Chennai slum dwellers face multifaceted challenges in accessing dental care.  A multi-pronged approach is needed, to improve accessibility, affordability, and cultural sensitivity.