Background

Antenatal care (ANC) is a critical component of maternal healthcare that contributes significantly to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Regular antenatal visits facilitate early detection of pregnancy complications, promote healthy behaviors, and improve pregnancy outcomes. However, disparities in ANC utilization remain prevalent, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.

Objective

To assess antenatal care utilization patterns and examine their association with maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,200 postpartum women who delivered within the previous 12 months between January and December 2024. Information regarding ANC attendance, maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications, and birth outcomes was collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression models.

Results

Among the participants, 78.5% attended at least four ANC visits, while 54.2% completed eight or more visits according to WHO recommendations. Adequate ANC utilization was significantly associated with lower rates of preterm birth (8.7% vs. 18.9%), low birth weight (10.4% vs. 22.6%), maternal complications (12.1% vs. 27.5%), and neonatal intensive care admissions (7.8% vs. 16.3%). Maternal education, household income, and proximity to healthcare facilities were significant predictors of ANC utilization.

Conclusion

Adequate antenatal care utilization is strongly associated with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. Strengthening access to quality ANC services and improving maternal health awareness are essential for achieving better pregnancy outcomes.