Background

Obesity has become one of the most significant public health concerns globally and is recognized as a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Excess adiposity contributes to metabolic disturbances, systemic inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which increase cardiovascular risk.

Objective

This study investigates the association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases and evaluates the impact of obesity-related risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 1,000 adult participants. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile, and cardiovascular disease history were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and cardiovascular events.

Results

Obese individuals demonstrated significantly higher prevalence rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke compared to non-obese participants. A strong positive correlation was observed between BMI and cardiovascular disease incidence (r = 0.72, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Obesity significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases through multiple physiological and metabolic pathways. Early intervention strategies focusing on weight management and lifestyle modification are essential for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.