Background

Childhood obesity has emerged as one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has been associated with numerous physical, psychological, metabolic, and social health consequences. Early-life obesity significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood and imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems.

Objective

To assess the prevalence of childhood obesity, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate its impact on physical and psychological health outcomes among children.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 800 school-aged children (6–18 years) from urban and rural educational institutions. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, dietary assessments, physical activity questionnaires, and clinical evaluations. Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles were used to classify weight status according to standardized pediatric guidelines.

Results

The prevalence of obesity was 18.5%, while 24.3% of participants were overweight. Sedentary behavior, unhealthy dietary habits, reduced physical activity, excessive screen time, and family history of obesity were significantly associated with obesity (p<0.05). Obese children demonstrated higher rates of hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and psychosocial difficulties compared to their normal-weight peers.

Conclusion

Childhood obesity is associated with significant health risks that may persist into adulthood. Comprehensive interventions focusing on healthy nutrition, physical activity promotion, parental involvement, and school-based health programs are essential for prevention and management.