Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common mental health disorders affecting women after childbirth. It can significantly impact maternal well-being, infant development, family relationships, and overall quality of life. Despite increased awareness, postpartum depression remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in many healthcare settings.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and identify associated sociodemographic, obstetric, psychosocial, and clinical risk factors among postpartum women.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 700 postpartum women attending maternal and child healthcare clinics within six months of delivery. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, clinical interviews, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Associations between risk factors and postpartum depression were analyzed using logistic regression models.

Results

The prevalence of postpartum depression was 23.8%. Significant risk factors included previous history of depression (OR=3.4), lack of social support (OR=2.9), unplanned pregnancy (OR=2.5), marital conflict (OR=2.7), financial stress (OR=2.3), and sleep disturbances (OR=3.1). Women with postpartum depression reported significantly lower quality-of-life scores and higher levels of anxiety and parenting stress.

Conclusion

Postpartum depression remains a significant maternal health concern. Early screening, psychological support, community-based interventions, and integrated maternal mental health services are essential for improving maternal and infant outcomes.